土工布试验检测常见问题及对策-k8凯发

土工布试验检测常见问题及对策

common problems and countermeasures for testing and testing of geotextile

贵阳土工布小编今天就和大家讲讲：

the small editor of guiyang geotextiles will talk to you today.

1、土工布质量指标与检测方法

1. the quality index and testing method of geotextile

1.1物理性能

1.1 physical properties

土工布的物理性能主要包括其单位面积质量测定和厚 度测定等。单位面积质量主要是裁取面积为10000平方厘米 的试样10块，将裁好的试样按编号顺序逐一在天平上称量，读数精确到0.01ｇ；裁取有代表性的试样10块，试样尺寸不小于基准版的面积，将试样自然平放在基准板与压块之间，轻轻放下压块，使试样收到的压力为2mpa，接触开始计时，30s时读数，精确到0.01ｍｍ。

the physical properties of geotextiles mainly include the measurement of the unit area and the measurement of the thickness of the geotextile. mass per unit area is mainly the sample cut from an area of 10000 square centimeters 10, will cut the sample according to the number one by one in the order of weighing scales, accurate readings to cut 0.01g; take a representative sample 10, sample size is not less than the standard version of the sample area, natural flat between the reference plate with the pressing block, gently pressing block, so that the sample received pressure is 2mpa, the contact start time, 30s reading, accurate to 0.01mm.

1.2力学性能

1.2 mechanical properties

土工布的力学性能主要包括其宽条拉伸试验、梯形撕破 强力试验、ｃｂｒ顶破强力试验、刺破强力试验等。土工布的一个重要质量指标就是宽条拉伸试验，宽条拉伸的测试主要选取纵向和横向至少200ｍｍ长×200ｍｍ宽的试样5块，在标准环境下调湿24ｈ后采用100ｍｍ的标距来进行试验，试验中用到等速伸长型强力试验机，速率保持在20ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ；土工布的梯形撕破强力试验的时候，选择梯形的试样，在标准环境下调湿24ｈ后并用强力机的上下夹钳夹紧试样布。不断增大试样的外加负荷，使梯形土工布的短边沿着切口向长边的方向慢慢撕裂，一直到全部断裂。在此检测中选择的仪器是等速伸长型强力试验机， 拉伸速度保持在100ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ；

the mechanical properties of geotextiles include wide strip tensile test, trapezoid tearing strength test, cbr top breaking test, piercing strength test and so on. one of the most important quality index of geotextiles is wide width tensile test, tensile test mainly selected samples of vertical and horizontal length * width of 200mm 200mm at least 5 dollars, down 24h after wet in the standard environment using 100mm gauge to test the isokinetic strength testing machine used in elongation test, rate in 20mm / min; when the geotextile trapezoidal tearing strength test, sample selection of the ladder, under the cloth clamp sample in the standard environment by wet 24h and powerful machine with the. increasing the load of the specimen, the short edge of the trapezoid geotextile tearing slowly along the cutting direction to the long side, until all the fracture is broken. the instrument selected in this test is an isokinetic stretch testing machine, and the drawing speed is kept at 100mm / min.

土工布的cbr顶破强力试验指的是用一种专用环形夹 具固定住试样，在标准环境下调湿24ｈ后然后把直径50ｍｍ 的平头圆柱形顶压杆以60ｍｍ／ｍｉｎ 的速度顶向试样， 直至试样破裂，在这个试验中使用的也是等速伸长型强力试验机。

the geotextile cbr bursting strength test refers to the fixed sample with a special annular fixture in the standard environment after 24h and then put down the wet flat cylindrical diameter 50mm top pressure rod with 60mm / min speed to the top sample until the sample rupture, used in this experiment is the constant elongation strength test machine.

1.3水力学性能

1.3 hydraulic properties

水力学性能包括有效孔径试验、垂直渗透性能试验等。有效孔径试验的方法包括湿筛法、干筛法、数字图像处 理法和流体过滤法，其中以干筛法最为常用。干筛法就是用样本布振筛某一直径的玻璃珠，再测量通过测试的玻璃珠重 量来计算过筛率。然后换不同直径的珠子再来进行测试，最后画出土工布孔径分布曲线求出等效孔径。垂直渗透性能试验的方法为恒水头法，主要是避免土颗 粒随水流流失，但还要彻底滤去水分，这些特性用渗透系数 来表示。在渗透的水力梯度大小为1的时候，测试土工布厚度以及上下游的水位差、渗透速度等来计算渗透系数。

the hydraulic properties include the effective aperture test, the vertical permeability test and so on. the methods of effective pore size test include wet sieving, dry sieve, digital image processing and fluid filtration, among which dry sieve method is most commonly used. dry sieve method is to use sample cloth to screen a certain diameter of glass beads, and then measure the weight of the glass beads through the test to calculate the screening rate. then the beads of different diameters are tested and then the aperture distribution curve of the unearthed cloth is drawn to find the equivalent aperture. the method of vertical permeability test is constant water head method, mainly avoiding the loss of soil particles with water flow, but also thoroughly filtering water. these characteristics are expressed by osmotic coefficient. when the hydraulic gradient of the permeation is 1, the thickness of the geotextile, the water level difference between the upper and lower reaches and the permeation speed are measured to calculate the permeability coefficient.

1.4耐久性能

1.4 durability

土工布的耐久性能主要包括了抗氧老化、抗酸、碱液性 能等。在工程当中，土工布一般都会永久存在，而其多为高 分子聚合而成，故容易出现老化现象，这些对工程的危害很 大，所以耐久性的测试显得很重要。测试时对样本进行紫外线、生物、低温、酸和碱的处理，强度保持率来表示耐久性能。

the durability of geotextiles mainly includes oxygen aging, acid resistance and alkaline solution. in engineering, geotextiles will always exist permanently, and most of them are polymerized by polymers. therefore, it is easy to appear aging phenomenon. these are very harmful to engineering, so durability testing is very important. during the test, the samples were treated with ultraviolet, biological, low temperature, acid and alkali, and the strength retention rate was used to indicate the durability.

2、土工布试验中的问题以及对策

2. problems and countermeasures in the test of geotextiles

现实应用中，土工布测试曾经只有9项国家标准，而标 准和质量检测工作往往比产品的生产和应用滞后。 后来国 家标准增加到了17项，包括了选取样本和试验的准备工作、 单位面积质量测定、垂直渗透性能试验、宽条拉伸试验、梯形撕破强力试验、有效孔径试验、抗氧老化、抗酸碱液性能等。随着标准的不断完善，许多企业开始精心办好测试工作，努力贯彻新标准，完善质量检测体系，配合高精度仪器使得检测水平得以提高，提高检测人员的技术水平和管理水平来进 一步完成产品质量水平的提高。制作过程中，主要有以下几个比较典型的问题出现，需要加以重视。

in practical applications, there have been only 9 national standards for geotextile testing, while standards and quality testing are often lagging behind the production and application of products. later, the national standard has increased to 17, including the selection of samples and test preparation, determination of mass per unit area, vertical permeability test, wide tensile test, trapezoidal tearing test, effective aperture test, anti aging, anti acid performance etc.. with the constant improvement of standards, many companies began to carefully run the testing work, efforts to implement the new standards, perfect quality inspection system, with high precision instrument that can improve the level of detection, improve the detection personnel technical level and management level to further improve the level of product quality. in the process of production, there are a few of the following typical problems, which need to be paid attention to.

2.1外观不规范

2.1 appearance is not standard

土工布外在质量会影响到其内在品质，土工布的外在质 量不好就会影响到其内在的力学性能以及水利学性能等。例如在公路工程中的长丝机织复合土工布，外在就有稀路、分层、断丝和破损等缺陷，这些都能够对其宽条拉伸试验、cbr顶破强力试验和梯形撕破强力试验造成影响。折痕会对耐静水压力造成影响，外在有缺陷的布料在试验中会有不同的性能，因此会造成测试结果离散性很大，并不能反映出 土工布的真实性能，所以不能用来评估土工布的质量。

the external quality of geotextile affects its intrinsic quality. the external quality of the geotextile will affect its internal mechanical properties and hydraulic performance. for example, long woven woven geotextiles in highway engineering have external defects such as thin road, delamination, broken wire and breakage. all these can affect the wide strip tensile test, cbr bursting strength test and trapezoidal tearing strength test.  creases will affect the static water pressure. the fabric with external defects will have different properties in the test. therefore, the test results will be discreteness, and can not reflect the real performance of geotextiles, so it can not be used to evaluate the quality of geotextiles.

解决这种问题，就需要先确定样本的完好性或者不存在 可能会影响到测试结果的瑕疵。对于这种外在质量能够影 响到内在质量的材料，为了能够反应出材料的真实质量，就 需要分成两部分来检测样本质量。首先，采用外在有缺陷的 样本来进行试验检测不能真实反映土工布特性，因此试验检 测需要采用好的样本进行，并把外在质量参数作为最先考虑的指标对待。其次

to solve this problem, it is necessary to determine the integrity of the sample or not to affect the defects of the test results. for the material that can affect the external quality of external quality, in order to reflect the true quality of the material, it needs to be divided into two parts to detect the sample quality. first of all, the use of defective samples for testing can not truly reflect the characteristics of geotextiles. therefore, the test and test need to use good samples, and the external quality parameters should be taken as the first consideration. secondly

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